Wednesday, January 18, 2012

Organizational Analysis (Leader & Manager)

All of us can be a leader?
All of us can be a manager?

These questions were being raised during our class in the Organizational Analysis subject. This might be difficult to answer directly if without knowing the depth roles of these two positions. During the class there are also many arguments happened and, answers were might lead to the world of confusion in the sense of different situations that life brings. Some of the students they reflect these two positions in a Private and Public organizations, but we all know these two the roles are not design only for certain area of organization. As the way I see it, this can be applied to all organizations even they have different business goals or even to our own selves to direct path and create strategies to survive. In order to come up with the final conclusion if all of us can be able to perform the serious roles of being a Leader or Manger, we need to know the true definition, functions, responsibilities and their challenging tasks in a certain organization.

Leadership and management are terms that are often used interchangeably in the business world to represent someone who manages a team of people. In reality leadership vs. management have very different meanings. From this concept, our class was confused identifying its role in the real nature of work because some managers they act as like leader, and leader performs the role of mangers. The student asked the presenter about the role of president of the Philippines that this where can be categorized, a leader or Manager. Many opinions were being shared, like someone claimed that the president is in manager side, but this ground quit not clear because the fact that he is not only following traditional policies for implementation but he able to show the people that at the same time he can lead the people through his inspiring dialogue to different situations. My point here is, we cannot say 100 % he is doing managerial works but he able to do the job like leading his people into the right thing. Obviously, his position is not easy for him to make his presidency is satisfying to everyone. To be a great manager you must understand what it takes to also be a great leader. I will begin by breaking down some key characteristics of a manager. This role in a typical company or organization will reflect a person who's primary focus is on managing a team of people and their activities. The role can differ by scope, types of roles, and can sometimes even be focused on efforts outside of true people management, for example project and process managers.

One of the key characteristics of a manager is very basic in the sense that they are someone who was given their authority by the nature of their role. They ensure work gets done, focus on day to day tasks, and manage the activities of others. This situation come from my daily experiences, my work is in line with managing computer laboratories and administer 15 staff. By nature of teaching technologies in a classroom setting, we make it sure that facilities are ready for molding students so that they will reach their daily objectives of the class. Planning the best ways to support every class activities is what we do before the day. As I can say that Managers, their focal point is on strategic activities and often times have a more directive and controlling approach. Being strategic is not altogether a negative approach as this is a skill set that is greatly needed in business especially in the fast paced environments most of us work and live in. Being able to organize people to accomplish tasks can be a great asset.

In many organizations, managers are often times the previous high performers at the employee level. Does this mean they are ready for the challenge of people management? In many cases, the answer is no. To demonstrate solid characteristics of a manager, these previous high performers must be trained. While all types of people can manage, we will now examine what makes a manager a solid leader. To survive in the twenty-first century, we are going to need a new generation of leaders, not managers. Leaders conquer the context, the turbulent, ambiguous surroundings that sometimes seem to conspire against us and will surely suffocate us if we let them while managers surrender to it. Managing is about efficiency. Leading is about effectiveness. Managing is about how. Leading is about what and why. Management is about systems, controls, procedures, policies, and structure. Leadership is about trust, about people.
Now if we look at the characteristics of a leader. When we hear the term, leader, a number of images may pop into our head. One phrase that may come to mind is "he or she is a born leader". This phrase does depict a great deal about the difference in managers and leaders as there are a great many distinctions. To demonstrate characteristics of a leader you must be more strategically focused and rather than directing employees through tasks, they inspire and motivate employees to drive themselves. Leaders are adapting in the art of Emotional Intelligence this means has the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups and apply it in a way that attains the best work out of their people.
Leaders are also very focused on change. Recognizing that continual improvement can be achieved in their people and their activities can be a great step towards continued success. Being able to lead their teams through change, rather than manage them through it has infinite rewards.

A commonly coined phrase tells us that “leadership is doing the right thing and management is doing things right”. This illustrates how the two skill sets need to work together. In order to be fully rounded, you must have the ability to manage the day to day tasks and deliver results, while seeing the opportunity for change and the big picture. Demonstrating good leadership skills without the management skills to support it will leave you with an inability to operationalize your visions. Likewise, being a good manager without good leadership skills will cause continual challenges in motivating your team and producing the results you are trying to manage to. Being able to blend these two styles is truly a unique skill set. Keep in mind there are an abundance of managers in the world but very few truly embody the characteristics of a leader. Leaders base their vision, their appeal to others, and their integrity on reality, on the facts, on a careful estimate of the forces at play, and on the trends and contradictions. They develop the means for changing the original balance of forces so that their vision can be realized. Saturday morning, we were discussing leadership and management and our professor asked the class if anyone could become a leader. Maybe t he point he was trying to make was (in my own perception only sir) that while most professions require some sort of qualification before they allow someone into their group, there is no test for leadership. Physicians, Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers, Teachers, Project Managers, Marines, Police Officers, Firefighters, Scientists… you get the idea… all require you to pass some sort of test before you can join their group. They may require college, certification, or physical stamina, but they do require something. What of leadership? Can anyone be a leader? What are the requirements?

If there are no formal requirements then I suppose anyone can be a leader. This is where the discussion got interesting. I proposed that despite there being no formal requirements for leadership, that just like a Physician, not everyone is qualified to be a leader. The responses I got were great (I asked my fellow teacher and some determined students, they come up with the same concept). Some felt that anyone could be a leader. Others suggested that leadership could be learned.

The question I asked to them was, “can someone pick up Leadership for Dummies, and become a good leader? Can anyone, become a leader?” The discussion made me realize two things, anyone can become a good leader but not everyone will become a good leader. During the discussion I was reminded that while some people try to become good leaders, they eventually fail at it, sometimes miserably. Why? Because there is a cost to leadership that not everyone is willing to pay. What does it take to become a good leader? Well, here are some of the requirements for someone wanting to become a good leader. These based on the information from the book that highlighted these following:
1. The Heart of a Leader – A deep desire to improve the world around them, perhaps at great personal risk or cost.
2. A deep desire for knowledge and truth. Leaders are readers. A leader will read a book regularly, before watching TV.
3. A leader must be willing to listen to others. He or she must have the ability to accept criticism AND to alter their behavior when necessary.
4. Courage to face themselves when they look in the mirror. A good leader will learn to face his or her demons and to work to get rid of them.
5. Perseverance – to continuously improve their skills and to go beyond their comfort zone.
6. Commitment to Excellence and a very strong work ethic to improve their leadership skills.

If a person is willing to do these things, he or she can become a good leader. Based on their abilities, some may become better than others, but we can all become good leaders, if we’re willing to pay the price. But why then do we have people who “try” to become leaders but fail? Because they don’t want to, or in some cases can’t, pay the price. There are requirements for good leadership. What about you? Are you willing to pay the price?

Friday, July 17, 2009

Professionalism

what is Professional?
                  The word professional traditionally means a person who has obtained a professional (doctoral) level degree.T he term commonly describes highly educated, mostly salaried workers, who enjoy considerable work autonomy, economic security, a comfortable salary, and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work. A Professional is a person who possesses a personal body of knowledge and of know-how which is recognized and valued by the market. Because of this market recognition, the Professional benefits from an advantage not available to other workers: he or she can personally manage internal or external professional mobility, in a specific firm or in the international market. A person who is recognized as a Professional possesses a social standing which is larger than the specific job he or she holds down.
          The difference between Professional and Non-Professional.
                  If someone accuses you of being unprofessional, they are typically referring to offensive behavior such as an inappropriate comment at the wrong time or inappropriate attire. One definition of being professional is not to do anything "unprofessional" that violates reasonable expectations. A big problem is not only can these expectations be non explicit, but they are likely to vary among individuals. So, being professional is not behaving offensively to the expectations of what the majority of people in the workplace or profession consider being reasonable behavior. Furthermore, because it is subjectively based (likely on opinion), it means that the definition of being professional will fluctuate as the expectations of reasonable behavior(s) shift.
          Define Professional.
                  The term commonly describes highly educated people, mostly salaried workers, who enjoy considerable work autonomy, economic security, a comfortable salary, and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work.
                  In my own point view, I can set some criteria to define what is “Professional” and that includes the fallowing; First, Academic qualifications – These are the people who has obtained professional level of degree (doctoral and etc.) from any universities or institute. Second, a high standard of professional ethics, behavior and work activities while carrying out one's profession as a teacher, employee, self-employed person or any particular fields of job.
                  A professional is someone who has practiced and studied so much, that he/she can be relied upon to do the right thing and say the right thing, automatically, confidently and spontaneously, while under the pressure of the moment and do it without conscious forethought or effort.

Hackers

Kevin Mitnick
He is a computer security consultant and author. The most wanted computer criminal in United States history.
1. WHAT WAS THIS CASE ABOUT?
He was a world-famous controversial computer hacker in the late 20th century. Mitnick gained unauthorized access to his first computer network in 1979, when a friend gave him the phone number for the Ark, the computer system Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) used for developing their RSTS/E operating system software. He broke into DEC's computer network and copied DEC's software, a crime he was charged and convicted for in 1988. He was sentenced to twelve months in prison followed by a three year period of supervised release. Near the end of his supervised release, Mitnick hacked into Pacific Bell voice mail computers. Mitnick fled after a warrant was issued for his arrest, becoming a fugitive for the next two and a half years.
According to the U.S. Department of Justice while a fugitive Mitnick gained unauthorized access to dozens of computer networks. He used cloned cellular phones to hide his location and, among other things, copying valuable proprietary software from some of the country’s largest cellular telephone and computer companies. Mitnick also intercepted and stole computer passwords, altered computer networks, and broke into and read private e-mail. Mitnick was apprehended in February 1995 in North Carolina. When arrested he was found with cloned cellular phones, over one hundred clone cellular phone codes, and multiple pieces of false identification
2. Who are the parties involved?
a. Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
He broke into DEC's computer network and copied DEC's software
b. IBM minicomputer
c. Motorola, NEC, Nokia, Sun Microsystems and Fujitsu Siemens
-He used cloned cellular phones to hide his location and, among other things, copying valuable proprietary software from some of the country’s largest cellular telephone and computer companies.
3. Did any prosecutions result?
Illegal cases that Mitnick involved (confirmed):
1. Using the Los Angeles bus transfer system to get free rides.
2. Evading the FBI.
3. Hacking into DEC system(s) to view VMS source code (DEC reportedly spent 160,000 in cleanup costs)
4. Gaining full admin privileges to an IBM minicomputer at the Computer Learning Center in LA in order to win a bet
5. Hacking Motorola, NEC, Nokia, Sun Microsystems and Fujitsu Siemens systems
Alleged Criminal Acts
1. Stole computer manuals from a Pacific Bell telephone switching center in Los Angeles
2. Read the e-mail of computer security officials at MCI Communications and Digital
3. Wiretapped the California DMV
4. Made free cell phone calls
5. Hacked SCO, PacBell, FBI, Pentagon, Novell, CA DMV, USC and Los Angeles Unified School District systems.
6. Wiretapped FBI agents according to John Markoff,although denied by Kevin Mitnick
Raphael Gray
1. WHAT WAS THIS CASE ABOUT?
At the age of 19 he hacked computer systems around the world over six weeks between January and February 1999 as part of a multi-million pound credit card mission. He then proceeded to publish credit card details of over 6,500 cards as an example of weak security in the growing number of consumer websites.
Plead guilty to theft and hacking offences which fall under the Computer Misuse Act and six charges of intentionally accessing sites containing credit card details and using this information for financial gain.
2. Who are the parties involved?
He was dubbed the Bill Gates hacker when he sent Viagra tablets to Gates' address and then published what he said was the billionaire's own number.
3. Did any prosecution result?
Three years of psychiatric treatment after evidence emerged that he was suffering from a mental condition which needed medical treatment rather than incarceration.
Master of Deception
1. What was this case about?
MOD's initial membership grew from meetings on Loop-Around Test Lines that led to legendary collaborations to hack RBOC phone switches and the various minicomputers and mainframes used to administer the telephone network.
2. Who are the parties involved?
3. Did any prosecutions result?
As a result of a major nationwide investigation by a joint FBI/Secret Service task force, five of MOD's members were indicted in 1992 in federal court. Within the next six months (in 1993), all five pleaded guilty and were sentenced to either probation or prison.
MafiaBoy (Internet alias of Michael Calce)
1. What was this case about?
A high school student from the middle-class suburban area of the West Island in Montreal, Canada who launched a series of highly publicized denial-of-service attacks in February 2000 against large commercial websites including Yahoo!, Amazon.com, Dell, Inc., E*TRADE, eBay, and CNN
The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police first noticed Mr. Calce when he started claiming in IRC chatrooms that he was responsible for the attacks. He became the chief suspect when he claimed to have brought down Dell's website, an attack that had not been publicized at that time
2. Who are the parties involved?
3. Did any prosecutions result?
The Montreal Youth Court sentenced him on September 12, 2001 to eight months of "open custody," one year of probation, restricted use of the Internet, and a small fine.

Legion of Doom
1. What was this Case about?
LOD published the Legion of Doom Technical Journals and regularly contributed to the overall pool of hacking knowledge and information, while causing no direct harm to the phone systems and computer networks they took over. On the other hand, many LOD members were raided, charged and in some cases successfully prosecuted for causing damage to systems and reprogramming phone company computers (Grant, Darden and Riggs, etc). While the "Bellsouth" case could be construed as exploration of the phone system, with claims that no real damage was done, there are other former LOD members such as Corey A. Lindsly (a.k.a. Mark Tabas) who were clearly interested in for-profit computer crime, with no goal except personal gain.
2. Who are the parties involved?
Sprint Corporation, Southwestern Bell and GTE
3. Did any prosecutions result?
United States Attorney Paul E. Coggins announced today that Corey Lindsly and Calvin Cantrell were sentenced today in federal court by the Honorable Chief District Judge Jerry Buchmeyer for hacking into computer systems belonging Sprint Corporation, Southwestern Bell and GTE, illegally obtaining long distance calling card numbers and selling these stolen calling card numbers.
United States Attorney Coggins stated, "This is a big victory for the privacy rights of all citizens. Hackers who steal consumers' personal information for harassment or profit will be vigorously prosecuted." United States Attorney Coggins further explained that "this case is important because it is the first time that government authorities successfully used a highspeed data wire tap in a criminal case, essentially capturing the keystroking of the hackers and leading to their convictions."

Robert Morris’ Internet Worm
1. What was this case about?
On November 2, 1988, Robert Morris, Jr., a graduate student in Computer Science at Cornell, wrote an experimental, self-replicating, self-propagating program called a worm and injected it into the Internet. He chose to release it from MIT, to disguise the fact that the worm came from Cornell. Morris soon discovered that the program was replicating and reinfecting machines at a much faster rate than he had anticipated---there was a bug. Ultimately, many machines at locations around the country either crashed or became ``catatonic.'' When Morris realized what was happening, he contacted a friend at Harvard to discuss a solution.
2. Who are the parties involved?
  • Harvard to discuss a solution
  • University of California at Berkeley and MIT (came up with steps that would help retard the spread of the virus)
3. Did any prosecutions results?
Morris was later named in The New York Times as the author (though this hadn't yet been officially proven, there was a substantial body of evidence pointing to Morris). Robert T. Morris was convicted of violating the computer Fraud and Abuse Act (Title 18), and sentenced to three years of probation, 400 hours of community service, a fine of $10,050, and the costs of his supervision. His appeal, filed in December, 1990, was rejected the following March.